Figure 7.

Phase transitions in slit confinement. (a) Phase diagram in the plane of voltage and pore ionophobicity (the energy of insertion of an ion into the pore) showing voltage-induced transitions between cation-rich and cation-deficient phases. The lines of first-order transitions end at critical points denoted by filled circles. Adapted with permission from ref (76). Copyright 2016 American Physical Society under CC-BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). (b) Results of molecular dynamics simulations showing an abrupt drop in the co-ion density, indicating a first-order transition between cation-rich and cation-deficient phases (positive voltages) and between anion-rich and anion-deficient phases (negative voltages). The blue vertical lines denotes the locations of the transitions. Adapted with permission from ref (80). Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society.