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. 2023 May 26;21:168. doi: 10.1186/s12951-023-01906-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Therapeutic effect of CH6-MF NPs and CH6-MF-Si NPs in vivo. (A) The process used to test therapeutic effects in the in vivo model is shown in the schematic diagram. (B) In vivo imaging of CH6-MF-Cy5.5 and free Cy5.5 in Zap70^mut mice at different times. (C) Photographs of the hind paws of BALB/c or Zap70^mut mice treated with CH6-MF NPs or CH6-MF-Si NPs. (D) Inflamed joints in BALB/c or Zap70^mut mice treated with CH6-MF NPs or CH6-MF-Si NPs. The mice were evaluated with clinical scores. Average levels of inflammatory cytokines, including (E) interleukin-6 (IL-6), (F) interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and (G) tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by ELISA. (H) Haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and safranin-O (SO-FG) staining were used to assess inflammatory infiltration of the ankle joint. One-way ANOVA was performed on the data. The outcomes are presented as the mean ± SD. ns = statistically nonsignificant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. Scale bar = 100 μm