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Schematic representation of the endothelial glycocalyx exposed to blood flow-generated shear stress and the signaling cascade that results in shear stress-generated nitric oxide (NO). The endothelial glycocalyx is exposed to laminar, oscillatory or disturbed blood flow patterns that deform, stimulate or shed glycocalyx components resulting in diverse outcomes, including the activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), the production of NO and the subsequent induction of vasodilation.
