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. 2023 May 19;12(5):749. doi: 10.3390/biology12050749

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Correlogram between cytokine levels in participants with long COVID and post-COVID-19 time ≤120 and >120 days. (IL-17) Interleukin 17, (IFN-γ) interferon gamma, (TNF-α), tumour necrosis factor alpha, (IL-10) interleukin 10, (IL-6) interleukin 6, (IL-4) interleukin 4, (IL-2) interleukin 2, and post-COVID-19 time (PCT). ≤120 days group (red color) and > 120 days group (green color). * Statistically significant if p < 0.05 (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001), Spearman correlation (nonparametric) R = 1: directly proportional correlation, R = 0: no correlation, and R = −1: inversely proportional correlation.