Figure 3.

Infection affects cytokine production by 3D co-culture model of pleura. Measurement of TNFα (a), Il-1β (b), and MCP-1 (c) production in the 3D co-culture model of pleura upon infection with S. aureus. The medium was collected and the concentration measurements of TNFα, IL-1β, and MCP-1 were performed using ELISA. The graphs represent the mean values ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Statistical significance of cytokine concentration changes compared to non-infected control was tested by Student’s t-test: ** p = 0.0027, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001 ns = not significant.