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. 2023 Apr 27;10(5):537. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10050537

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Immunohistochemically analysis of paraffin-embedded tissue. Immunohistochemistry staining of non-infected HPFs (a), HPMCs (c), and 3D co-culture model of pleura (e) in contrast to infected HPFs (b), HPMCs (d), and 3D model (f). Anti c-Jun (orange) and 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindol (DAPI) (blue). Percentage of c-Jun-positive HPMCs of all cells within the 3D co-culture model. There are significantly more c-Jun-positive cells in the S. aureus infected group (indicated by arrows). The percentage of c-Jun-positive area is significantly higher in the S. aureus group (n = 11) than in the control group (n = 11); **** p ≤ 0.0001, unpaired t-test (g).