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. 2023 May 10;12(5):1075. doi: 10.3390/antiox12051075

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Mitochondrial ROS defense is impaired by PGC-1α downregulation under inflammatory conditions. NF-κB decreases PGC-1α expression by modulating proinflammatory cytokines, and its subunit p63 decreases PGC-1α activity by forming a complex. The reduced PGC-1α activity results in the downregulation of its antioxidant target genes and ultimately results in increased oxidative stress. Low PGC-1α levels and concomitant oxidative stress further promote NF-κB activity, thereby exacerbating the inflammatory response. Mitochondria accumulate adjacent to the nucleus [122]. Created with BioRender.com, agreement No: AW25C9KBZ5.