Table 3.

Methods and properties of nanoformulation using polymer, protein, or other materials.

Materials	Polyphenols	Methods and Functionalization	EE * and LC **	Particle Size	Ref.
Polymer	Hesperestin	Chitosan-folate conjugate Sodium tripolyphosphate (cross-linking)	EE 98%	457 nm	[72]
	Quercetin	Eudragit S100	EE 41.8% LC 2.2%	66.8 nm	[73]
	Curcumin	Spray drying HPMC15LV or PVP-K30 Lactose monohydrate	EE 13~78%	4.8–8.3 nm	[74]
		Phenol–yne click reaction mPEG-b-PHEMA-5HA	EE 43.4% LC 17.8%	104 nm	[75]
	Quercetin	Luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) ligand PLGA, PEG Co-delivery with docetaxel	EE 75.8%	120–140 nm	[76]
	Curcumin	Co-delivery with doxorubicin Polymeric micelle Hyaluronic acid–vitamin E succinate	EE 72% LC 8.3%	223 nm	[77]
	Resveratrol and curcumin	Bolton W3000 dendritic polymer solvent displacement method	No data	130 nm	[78]
Protein	Resveratrol	Sericin silk protein	EE 71–75%	200–350 nm	[81]
	Curcumin	Zein protein Dodecamer peptide (G23) Polydopamine	EE 81.7% LC 8.11%	106.3 nm	[82]
		Hydrophobin (HGFI) GE11 peptide	EE 88% LC 47%	80 nm	[83]
		Zein protein Silk protein Co-formulation with Paclitaxel	EE 93% LC 12%	265 nm	[84]
		Caseinate–chitosan Genipin cross-linking	EE 88.6% LC 4.2%	272 nm	[85]
Iron ion	Curcumin	Metal–phenolic network between EGCG and iron, coating	EE 90% LC 40%	184.8 nm	[90]
Nucleic acid	Tannic acid	Branched DNA, Aptamer antisense of C-raf mRNA	EE 85%	150 nm	[93]
		Branched DNA, siPLK1 RNA A549 membrane	No data	164.2 nm	[94]

* EE: Encapsulation efficiency % (loaded polyphenol amount/initial polyphenol amount × 100); ** LC: Loading capacity % (Loaded polyphenol weight/polyphenol-loaded particle weight × 100).