Table 1.

Current guidelines for thrombotic events and anticoagulation treatment in cancer patients.

Guidelines	SEOM 2019 [122]	THAZ 2019 [123]	ASCO 2020 [94]	ASH 2021 [97]	SGO 2021 [90]	NCCN 2021 [96]	ESMO 2023 [95]
Prophylaxis for VTE in hospitalized patients with cancer	-	-	Routine pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis may be offered	LMWHs	LMWHs	LMWHs, fondaparinux, UFHs	LMWHs, apixaban, rivaroxaban
Prophylaxis for VTE in ambulatory patients with cancer during systemic therapy	-	-	Routine pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis should not be offered. In high-risk patients, apixaban, rivaroxaban or LMWHs	LMWHs, fondaparinux	Rivaroxaban, apixaban, LMWHs	Apixaban, rivaroxaban, dalteparin and enoxaparin	-
Prophylaxis in patients with cancer undergoing surgery	-	-	Prophylaxis should be initiated preoperatively. LMWHs, UFHs	Prophylaxis should be initiated postoperatively. LMWHs	LMWHs, UFHs, apixaban	Apixaban, dalteparin and enoxaparin	LMWHs, UFHs
Prevention of rVTE	-	-	LMWHs, UFHs, fondaparinux or rivaroxaban.	-	-	-	-
Initial CAT treatment	LMWHs, rivaroxaban, UFHs, fondaparinux	-	-	LMWHs	-	-	LMWHs, UFHs, fondaparinux, apixaban, rivaroxaban
Short-term treatment for patients with active cancer	-	-	-	DOACs, LMWHs	-	-	-
Long-term treatment for patients with active cancer	LMWHs, DOACs	-	-	DOACs, LMWHs	LMWHs, apixaban, edoxaban or rivaroxaban	-	LMWHs, apixaban, edoxaban, rivaroxaban
CVCAT	LMWHs, DOACs	-	-	-	-	-	-
Incidental VTE	LMWHs, DOACs	Rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran, warfarin, LMWHs	-	-	-	-	LMWHs, UFHs, fondaparinux
Recurrent VTE during anticoagulation therapy	LMWHs, DOACs	-	-	LMWHs	-	-	-
Central nervous system primary tumors and metastasis	LMWHs, DOACs	-	-	-	-	-	-
Anticoagulation in the absence of VTE to improve survival in cancer patients	Anticoagulant use in cancer patients should not be prescribed to improve survival	-	Anticoagulant use is not recommended to improve survival in patients with cancer without VTE	-	-	-	-