Table 2.
Comparison of baseline characteristics between patients with depression and without depression.
| Variable | Without Depression | With Depression | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (32) | (32) | ||
| Sex (male/female) | 17/15 | 11/21 | 0.13 |
| Age (x ± s) | 35.3 ± 13.8 | 37.0 ± 15.6 | 0.66 |
| Epilepsy duration M (P25, P75) | 6.5 (2.3, 18.3) | 9.5 (2.3, 15.0) | 0.76 |
| First diagnosis (FD/NFD) | 7/25 | 7/25 | 1.00 |
| Age at epilepsy diagnosis (x ± s) | 26.2 ± 14.0 | 27.6 ± 14.9 | 0.70 |
| Epilepsy type (n) | 0.15 | ||
| Temporal lobe epilepsy (n) | 25 | 16 | |
| Frontal lobe epilepsy (n) | 0 | 2 | |
| Occipital lobe epilepsy (n) | 0 | 1 | |
| Generalized epilepsy (n) | 4 | 7 | |
| Unknown epilepsy (n) | 3 | 6 | |
| ASM numbers (n) | 0.56 | ||
| ≤1 | 25 | 23 | |
| ≥2 | 7 | 9 | |
| ASM types (n) | |||
| CBZ | 7 | 6 | 0.76 |
| VA | 8 | 9 | 0.78 |
| OXC | 6 | 2 | 0.26 |
| LA | 7 | 4 | 0.32 |
| PB | 1 | 1 | 1.00 |
| TPM | 1 | 5 | 0.20 |
| LEV | 4 | 2 | 0.67 |
| PNT | 1 | 1 | 1.00 |
| CZP | 0 | 5 | 0.06 |
| HAMD-17 M (P25, P75) | 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 11.5 (9.0, 15.0) | 0.00 *** |
| MMSE M (P25, P75) | 28.0 (28.0, 29.0) | 29.0 (28.0, 30.0) | 0.02 * |
| DS-forward | 8.0 (8.0, 9.0) | 8.0 (7.0, 9.0) | 0.98 |
| DS-backward | 5.6 ± 1.6 | 4.8 ± 2.2 | 0.11 |
| VFT-animals | 16.9 ± 6.9 | 15.5 ± 4.9 | 0.37 |
| SDMT | 52.4 ± 6.8 | 44.6 ± 16.0 | 0.05 |
| AVLT immediate recall (x ± s) | 18.4 ± 6.2 | 20.4 ± 4.4 | 0.17 |
| AVLT delayed recall (x ± s) | 7.6 ± 3.1 | 8.5 ± 2.0 | 0.20 |
| AVLT recognition M (P25, P75) | 12.0 (10.5, 12.0) | 11.5 (11.0, 12.0) | 0.93 |
Note: FD = first diagnosis, NFD = non-first diagnosis, ASM = antiseizure medicine, VA = valproate, LA = lamotrigine, LEV = levetiracetam, CBZ = carbamazepine, PNT = phenytoin, OXC = oxcarbazepine, CZP = clonazepam, TPM = topiramate, PB = phenobarbitone, HAMD-17 = 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination, AVLT = Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, DS = digital span, SDMT = Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and VFT = verbal fluency test, * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.