Table 1.

Mechanisms of ferroptosis in inflammatory bowel diseases, colorectal cancer, and intestinal injury.

Compound/Target	Model	Effect	Mechanism	Ref.
Fer-1	TNBS-induced colitis mice	Inhibition	Ferrostatin-1 alleviates TNBS-induced colitis via the inhibition of ferroptosis.	[76]
Fer-1/Lip-1/DFP	DSS-induced colitis mice	Inhibition	Ferroptosis-mediated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis is associated with the Nrf2–HO-1 signaling pathway.	[79]
Furin	DSS-induced colitis mice; NCM460 cells	Inhibition	Furin inhibits epithelial cell injury and alleviates experimental colitis by activating the Nrf2–Gpx4 signaling pathway.	[81]
APS	DSS-induced colitis mice; Caco-2 cells	Inhibition	Astragalus polysaccharide prevents ferroptosis in a murine model of experimental colitis and human Caco-2 cells by inhibiting the NRf2–HO-1 pathway.	[84]
Curculigoside	DSS-induced colitis mice; IEC6-cells	Inhibition	Curculigoside inhibits ferroptosis in ulcerative colitis through the induction of GPX4.	[85]
RSL3	HCT116/LoVo/HT29 CRC cells	Induction	RSL3 drives ferroptosis through GPX4 inactivation and ROS production in colorectal cancer.	[6]
SLC7A11	HT29-cells	Induction	Targeting SLC7A11 specifically suppresses the progression of colorectal cancer stem cells by inducing ferroptosis.	[13]
Resibufogenin	HT29/SW480/NCM460 cells	Induction	Resibufogenin inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis by triggering ferroptosis and ROS production mediated by GPX4 inactivation.	[86]
MiR-19a	HT29-cells	Inhibition	MiR-19a suppresses the ferroptosis of colorectal cancer cells by targeting IREB2.	[90]
TIGAR	SW620/HCT116 cells	Induction	TIGAR drives colorectal cancer ferroptosis resistance through the ROS–AMPK–SCD1 pathway.	[92]
β-Elemonic acid	SW480/HCT116/HT29 cells; BALB/c nude mice	Induction	EA at high concentrations induces ferroptosis by downregulating FTL and upregulating TF, CP, and ACSL4.	[94]
ACSL4	I/R mice; Caco-2 cells	Induction	Ischemia-induced ACSL4 activation contributes to ferroptosis-mediated intestinal injury in intestinal ischemia–reperfusion.	[14]
Ionizing radiation	Balb/c mice	Induction	Ferroptosis can promote ionizing radiation-induced intestinal damage.	[100]
P. aeruginosa	Female C57BL/6 mice; Caco-2 cells	Induction	The colonization of the gut with P. aeruginosa induces ferroptosis in host cells and significantly reduces survival in irradiated mice.	[101]