Table 5.
Selection of pre-clinical stage therapeutic drugs of lipid nature (Italic) or targeting lipid-related pathways in brain tumors.
| Category | Drug Agent | Family | Target | Affected Pathways | Disease | Model | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pediatric | Cordycepin | Nucleoside derivative | miR-33 | Lipid metabolism | MB | Orthotropic xenograft | [172] |
| GSK126+ Atorvastatin | Small molecule inhibitors | EZH2 | Cholesterol synthesis | DIPG | Murine orthotopic model | [173] | |
| ABC294640 | Small molecule inhibitor | SphK2 | Sphingolipid metabolism | DIPG | SF8628 and SF7761 Soft agar | [174] | |
| Carbenoxolone + palbociclib | Small molecule inhibitors | HSD11β2- CDK4/6 | Oxysterol biosynthesis | MB | Transgenic | [175] | |
| GW9662 | Small molecule agonist | BLBP | Fatty acid uptake | E | 3D spheroid | [176] | |
| ω3-LCPUFA | Fatty acids | CRYAB | Protein folding | MB | Xenograft | [177] | |
| Erucylphosphocholine | Ether lipid | Membrane | Apoptosis | MB | D283 Med | [178] | |
| General | Fluoxetine | Small molecule inhibitor | SMDP-1 | Sphingolipid metabolism | GBM | Orthotropic xenograft | [179] |
| Triacsin C + Etoximir | Small molecule inhibitors | ACSL1- ACSL3-CPT1 | Lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid oxidation | Mesenchymal GBM | Xenograft | [180] | |
| LAU-0901 + Avastin + Elovanoids | Small molecule + synthetic lipids | PAFR | Tumor cell proliferation | GBM | Orthotropic xenograft | [181] | |
| Arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone | Small molecule inhibitor | PTRF(cavin-1) | Phospholipid metabolism | GBM | Intracranial Patient-Derived Xenograft Model | [182] | |
| CAY10566 | Small molecule inhibitor | SCD1 | Lipogenesis | GBM | Xenograft | [183] | |
| YTX-7739 | Small molecule inhibitor | SCD | Lipogenesis | GBM | Orthotropic xenograft | [184] | |
| Etomoxir | Small molecule inhibitor | CPT1 | Fatty acid oxidation | GBM | Syngeneic | [185] | |
| Azathioprine | Purine analogue | EGFR-AKT | Lipid metabolism | GBM | Orthotropic xenograft | [186] | |
| Ophiobolin A | Terpenoid antagonist | PE | Membrane Destabilization | GBM | orthotopic U251-LUC xenograft | [187] | |
| LXR-623 | Small molecule agonist | LXR | Cholesterol metabolism | GBM | Orthotropic xenograft | [188] | |
| GM3 | Ganglioside | VEGF | Tumor angiogenesis. | A | CT-2A Matrigel | [189] |
Abbreviations: A: astrocytoma, ACSL: adipose acyl-CoA synthetase, AKT: protein kinase B, BLBP: brain lipid-binding protein, CDK: cyclin-dependent kinase, CPT1: carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, CRYAB: alpha-crystallin B chain, DIPG: diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, E: ependymoma, EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor, EZH2: enhancer of zeste homolog 2, GBM: glioblastoma, HSD11b2: 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type 2, LXR: Liver X receptor, MB: medulloblastoma, PE: phosphatidylethanolamine, PTRF: polymerase I and transcript release factor, SCD1: stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, SMDP1: surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, type 1, SPHK2: sphingosine kinase 2, VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.