| ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| BAT | brown adipose tissue |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CK | creatine kinase |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| ESC | embryonic stem cell |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration (federal agency, United States of America) |
| FDG-PET | fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography |
| GLUT1/3/4 | glucose transporter type 1/3/4 |
| HDL[-C] | high-density lipoprotein (cholesterol) |
| IGF-1 | insulin-like growth factor 1 |
| iPSC | induced pluripotent stem cell |
| LDL[-C] | low-density lipoprotein (cholesterol) |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| NMJ | neuromuscular junction |
| REE | resting energy expenditure |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| WAT | white adipose tissue |