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. 2023 May 17;11(5):1461. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11051461

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Illustration of the junction between two brain capillary endothelial cells that make up the blood–brain barrier. Tight junctions (TJs) consist of various subunits of transport proteins such as occludins, claudins, cadherins, and JAM adhesion molecules. Adherens junctions (AJs) are responsible for the initiation and stabilization of intercellular adhesions and regulate the actin cytoskeleton of endothelial cells of brain capillaries. ESAM—endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule; JAM-A—junctional adhesion molecule; PECAM-1—platelet–endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1; VE-cadherin—vascular endothelial-cadherin; ZO—zonula occludens.