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. 2023 May 18;11(5):1474. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11051474

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Mechanisms and biomarkers involved in inflammatory response and tubular damage in AKI in kidney transplantation. Legend. DAMPs: damage-associated molecular patterns; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; IFNβ, interferon β; IGFBP7, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7; IL-1, interleukin 1; IL-18, interleukin 18; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; PAMPs: pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PRRs: pathogen-associated molecular patterns; TIMP-2, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 2.