| FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
| CAGR | Compound Annual Growth Rate |
| USD | United States Dollar |
| APTT | Activated partial thromboplastin time |
| TT | Thrombin time |
| PT | Prothrombin time |
| DM | Diabetes mellitus |
| GLP-1 | Glucagon-like peptide 1 |
| T2DM | Diabetes mellitus type 2 |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| HRBC | Human red blood cell |
| AACR | American Association for Cancer Research |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| ACE | Angiotensin Converting Enzyme |
| IC50 | Half-maximal inhibitory concentration |
| DH | Degree of hydrolysis |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| BHT | Butylated hydroxytoluene |
| BHA | Butylated hydroxyanisole |
| TBHQ | Tert-butylhydroquinone |
| PG | Propyl gallate |
| DPPH | 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl |
| ABTS | 2,2′-amino-di(2-ethyl-benzothiazoline sulphonic acid-6)ammonium salt |
| UV | Ultraviolet |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
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