Table 4.
Activities of daily living, performance, self-reliance, and gait efficiency before surgery, after surgery, and at discharge.
| Variable | Time | Malignant | Nonmalignant | Source | F | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | |||||
| BI | Before surgery | 80.8 ± 3.97 | 93.0 ± 2.49 | Group | 5.05 | 0.027 |
| After surgery | 35.4 ± 4.91 | 40.8 ± 3.08 | Time | 132.32 | <0.001 | |
| At discharge | 66.9 ± 4.84 | 77.0 ± 3.04 | G × T | 0.63 | 0.535 | |
| KPS | Before surgery | 75.4 ± 3.20 | 87.4 ± 2.01 | Group | 6.01 | 0.016 |
| After surgery | 48.1 ± 3.49 | 52.0 ± 2.19 | Time | 95.74 | <0.001 | |
| At discharge | 69.6 ± 3.11 | 74.1 ± 1.95 | G × T | 1.91 | 0.151 | |
| MRS | Before surgery | 1.9 ± 0.22 | 1.0 ± 014 | Group | 10.70 | 0.002 |
| After surgery | 3.7 ± 0.21 | 3.4 ± 0.13 | Time | 91.62 | <0.001 | |
| At discharge | 2.7 ± 0.22 | 2.1 ± 0.14 | G × T | 1.81 | 0.167 | |
| GI | Before surgery | 8.0 ± 0.41 | 9.2 ± 0.26 | Group | 2.92 | 0.091 |
| After surgery | 4.1 ± 0.53 | 4.2 ± 0.33 | Time | 91.96 | <0.001 | |
| At discharge | 6.8 ± 0.49 | 7.6 ± 0.31 | G × T | 1.23 | 0.294 |
Abbreviations: BI, Barthel index; KPS, Karnofsky performance status scale; MRS, modified Rankin scale; GI, gait index; SE, standard error; G × T, interaction effect group × time, F, analysis of variance (ANOVA).