Table 3.
Normal force and area under force–time curve results for ethosomal gels.
| Formulation | Peak Normal Force–Normal Force (N) * | Area Under Force–Time Curve (N·s) * |
|---|---|---|
| HA1% | −0.244 ± 0.020 | 0.514 ± 0.047 |
| R HA1% | −0.257 ± 0.012 | 0.502 ± 0.049 |
| ET3 HA1% | −0.399 ± 0.026 | 0.721 ± 0.056 |
| ET3R HA1% | −0.329 ± 0.015 | 0.743 ± 0.093 |
| HA 2% | −1.031 ± 0.039 | 1.294 ± 0.129 |
| R HA2% | −1.039 ± 0.021 | 1.161 ± 0.143 |
| ET HA2% | −1.436 ± 0.056 | 1.567 ± 0.192 |
| ET3R HA2% | −1.333 ± 0.036 | 1.385 ± 0.043 |
* Values are expressed as mean ± SD, (n = 6).