. 2023 May 26;131(5):057010. doi: 10.1289/EHP10556

Table 1.

Cohort ( $uppercase italic n equals 1964702$ ) characteristics at baseline (last of: 1 January 2005 and age 50 y), including time-weighted average air pollution concentrations over previous 5 y Denmark, 2005–2017.

Baseline characteristics	Total
Individual level variables
Women [ $n$ (%)]	1,037,088 (53)
Age (y) [median (10%–90%)]	58 (50–76)
Country of origin [ $n$ (%)]
Denmark	1,927,035 (98)
Other	37,667 (2)
Civil status [ $n$ (%)]
Married/cohabiting	1,438,200 (73)
Other	526,502 (27)
Education^a [ $n$ (%)]
Mandatory	711,579 (36)
Short	888,013 (45)
Medium or long	365,110 (19)
Occupational status^b [ $n$ (%)]
White-collar, high level	200,884 (10)
White-collar, low level	296,628 (15)
Blue-collar	590,213 (30)
Unemployed	75,957 (4)
Retired	801,020 (41)
Personal income: quintiles^c [ $n$ (%)]
1st (low)	489,663 (25)
2nd	414,704 (21)
3rd	327,020 (17)
4th	337,208 (17)
5th (high)	396,107 (20)
Household income: quintiles^d [ $n$ (%)]
1st (low)	406,916 (21)
2nd	355,572 (18)
3rd	328,899 (17)
4th	391,770 (20)
5th (high)	481,544 (25)
Air pollution levels (5-y mean) [median (10%–90%)]
$particulate matter begin subscript 2.5 end subscript$ total ( ${μ g / m}^{3}$ )	11.2 (9.1–12.2)
$particulate matter begin subscript 2.5 end subscript$ nontraffic ( ${μ g / m}^{3}$ )	10.9 (8.9–11.6)
$particulate matter begin subscript 2.5 end subscript$ traffic ( ${μ g / m}^{3}$ )	0.2 (0.1–0.8)
UFP total ( ${particles / cm}^{3}$ )	11,106 (7,963–15,695)
UFP nontraffic ( ${particles / cm}^{3}$ )	9,757 (7,452–12,032)
UFP traffic ( ${particles / cm}^{3}$ )	1,202 (357–3,649)
EC total ( ${μ g / m}^{3}$ )	0.7 (0.5–1.0)
EC nontraffic ( ${μ g / m}^{3}$ )	0.5 (0.4–0.6)
EC traffic ( ${μ g / m}^{3}$ )	0.1 (0.0–0.4)
${NO}_{2}$ total ( ${μ g / m}^{3}$ )	15.3 (10.5–23.7)
${NO}_{2}$ nontraffic ( ${μ g / m}^{3}$ )	11.2 (8.5–13.4)
${NO}_{2}$ traffic ( ${μ g / m}^{3}$ )	4 (1.4–10.9)
Area level variables [median (10%–90%)]
% Non-Western background	3 (1–12)
% Only basic education	11 (6–15)
% Manual labor	13 (8–17)
% Unemployed	2 (1–3)
% Low income	4 (2–7)
% Social housing^e	14 (1–43)
% Sole-providers	6 (4–8)
% with criminal record	0.4 (0.2–0.9)

Note: EC, elemental carbon; UFP, ultrafine particles: .

^{^a}

Short: vocational training, secondary education or $less than 2$ y of postsecondary education. Medium or long $greater than 2$ y of postsecondary education.

^{^b}

White-collar, high level: Managers/directors with $greater than or equal to 5$ employees and people with employment that requires high-level skills. White-collar, low level: Managers with 0–4 employees and people with employment that requires intermediate level skills. Blue-collar: employment that requires low-level skills.

^{^c}

We applied age and calendar-year specific quintiles to account for inflation and income disparities by sex. In 2017, the 20th, 40th, 60th, and 80th percentile in Danish kroner were 142,926, 198,363, 249,053, and 312,717, respectively, for women and 147,235, 219,142, 281,097, and 370,134 for men.

^{^d}

We applied age and calendar year specific quintiles to account for inflation and income disparities by sex for singles. In 2017, the 20th, 40th, 60th, and 80th percentile per adult in household, in Danish kroner, were 174,497, 229,476, 286,079, and 365,263, respectively, for women and 171,817, 232,821, 290,162, and 369,949, respectively, for men.

^{^e}

Publicly funded nonprofit housing estates, where one-third of the apartments can be used by municipalities for persons in need.