Table 2.

Associations between MI ($\text{cases}=\mathrm{71,285}$) and 5-y averages of air pollutants, total and by source. Denmark, 2005–2017, $N=\mathrm{1,964,702}$. Person-years: 18,309,319.

${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$	IQR	Model 1a per IQR	Model 2b. per IQR	Model 3c per IQR
		HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Total	$1.85{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}}^3$	0.983 (0.969, 0.998)	1.019 (1.004, 1.034)	1.053 (1.035, 1.071)
Nontraffic	$1.63{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}}^3$	0.989 (0.973, 1.006)	1.032 (1.015, 1.049)	1.051 (1.032, 1.069)
Traffic	$0.37{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}}^3$	0.991 (0.985, 0.998)	0.996 (0.990, 1.003)	1.011 (1.003, 1.018)
Tailpipe	$0.24{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}}^3$	0.989 (0.982, 0.996)	0.996 (0.989, 1.003)	1.012 (1.004, 1.020)
Nontailpipe	$0.12{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}}^3$	0.995 (0.990, 1.000)	0.997 (0.992, 1.002)	1.008 (1.002, 1.014)
UFP
Total	$\mathrm{4,248}{\text{\hspace{0.17em}particles}/\mathrm{cm}}^3$	0.961 (0.950, 0.972)	1.001 (0.990, 1.013)	1.040 (1.025, 1.055)
Nontraffic	$\mathrm{2,769}{\text{\hspace{0.17em}particles}/\mathrm{cm}}^3$	0.974 (0.964, 0.985)	1.014 (1.003, 1.024)	1.034 (1.022, 1.046)
Traffic	$\mathrm{1,698}{\text{\hspace{0.17em}particles}/\mathrm{cm}}^3$	0.963 (0.953, 0.972)	0.984 (0.974, 0.994)	1.011 (0.999, 1.024)
EC
Total	$0.28{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}}^3$	0.966 (0.957, 0.975)	0.989 (0.981, 0.998)	1.009 (1.000, 1.019)
Nontraffic	$0.12{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}}^3$	0.969 (0.960, 0.977)	0.994 (0.987, 1.001)	1.001 (0.996, 1.007)
Traffic	$0.17{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}}^3$	0.981 (0.973, 0.989)	0.992 (0.984, 1.000)	1.013 (1.003, 1.023)
${\mathrm{NO}}_2$
Total	$7.15{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}}^3$	0.969 (0.960, 0.979)	0.994 (0.984, 1.004)	1.027 (1.013, 1.040)
Nontraffic	$2.68{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}}^3$	0.984 (0.973, 0.996)	1.025 (1.014, 1.037)	1.048 (1.034, 1.062)
Traffic	$5.17{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}}^3$	0.972 (0.963, 0.981)	0.986 (0.977, 0.995)	1.009 (0.998, 1.020)

Note: CI, confidence interval; EC, elemental carbon; HR, hazard ratio; IQR, interquartile range; MI, myocardial infarction; UFP, ultrafine particles: .

^a Adjusted for age, sex, and calendar year (in 2-y categories).

^b Model 1 with further adjustment for marital status, education, occupational status, ethnicity, and personal and household income.

^c Model 2 with additional adjustment for area-level percentage of population: living in social housing, being sole providers, of non-Western origin, having low income, being unemployed, having blue-collar work, having only basic education, and having a criminal record.