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. 2023 May 12;10:1081087. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1081087

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Copyright © 2023 Soman, Nelson, Cerono, Goldman, Baranzini and Brown.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comparative analysis of PD prediction between SPOKE and raw EHR data. Distributions of classification AUC scores between SPOKE (blue) and raw EHR (green) across −1, −3 and −5 year time periods are shown in (A–C) respectively. Vertical red dashed line indicates an AUC score of 0.5 which corresponds to random guessing. (D) shows a bar graph with mean and standard deviation of AUC distributions for SPOKE (blue) and raw EHR (green) across time periods shown along the x-axis. Asterisks in the graph indicate p value significance of ≤0.0001.