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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 22.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Ment Health. 2023 Mar 22;1(3):210–223. doi: 10.1038/s44220-023-00034-y

Figure 4. Polygenic Risk Score Prediction in Yale-Penn.

Figure 4.

(A) Polygenic risk score (PRS) of the addiction-rf predicts lifetime alcohol (AUD), cannabis (CUD), opioid (OUD), tobacco (TD), and cocaine (CoUD) use disorders, and variables representing more than one lifetime substance use disorder diagnosis vs no SUDs diagnosis (Polysubstance Use Disorder, 2 level), more than one lifetime diagnosis vs. one lifetime diagnosis (polysubstance vs. unitary), as well as any substance use disorder diagnosis (Any Addiction) in an independent sample (Yale Penn 3; N=1,986 individuals of European genetic ancestry). (B) The addiction-rf PRS was associated with a comparable phenotypic substance use disorders (SUD) common factor in the Yale-Penn sample. Controlling for age, sex and 10 genetic principal components of ancestry, all path estimates are fully standardized. Estimates were significant at p < .001 of a two-sided test (LAVAAN does not report P-values lower than .001).