Table 2.

A summary of different types of silk fibroin hydrogels used in bone.

Material(s)	Experimental Mode	Synthesis Method	Main Function	Ref.
polycaprolactone (PCL), SF solution, BMP-2	In vivo	Electric field	As an effective carrier of BMP-2 for functional repair of large bone defects	[123]
SF solution, BMP-2, VEGF-165	In vitro and in vivo	Ultrasonication	Promote repair of irregular bone cavity defects	[124]
SF, PEG, PLA/PLGA, BMP-2	In vitro and in vivo	Self-assembly	Maintains protein bioactivity and prolongs degradation	[11]
SF, HA, DA	In vitro	Ultrasonication	Used as tissue engineering scaffold material for bone regeneration	[131]
CHA/SF/GCS/DF-PEG hydrogels	In vitro and in vivo	Self-assembly	Facilitates bone collagen deposition and maturation	[132]
SF, GO, nHA, BMP-2	In vitro and in vivo	Click-chemistry cross-linking	Repair of bone defects	[133]
HAP, SF	In vitro	γ-Ray irradiation	Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro	[36]
SF, MSM-10	In vitro and in vivo	Ultrasonication	Improving in vitro osteogenic properties of hydrogels	[139]
RSF, LAP	In vitro and in vivo	Ultrasonication	Mediates activation of AKT signaling pathway in BMSCs	[140]
SF solution, HRP, H2O2, SiNPs	In vitro and in vivo	Enzyme cross-linking.	Bone regeneration without any exogenous MSCs or growth factors	[143]