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. 2023 May 16;11(10):1450. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11101450

Table 3.

Association between parafunctional habits and possible sleep bruxism.

Parafunctional Habits Bruxism (Yes)
n (%)
Bruxism (No)
n (%)
PR CI 95% p
Pacifier
≥24 months 37 (37.4) 105 (43.0) 1.27 0.78–2.04 0.132
<24 months 62 (62.6) 139 (57.0)
Feeding Bottle
≥24 months 51 (51.5) 48 (48.5) 1.03 0.64–1.64 0.907
<24 months 124 (50.8) 120 (49.2)
Digital Sucking
Presence 0 (0.0) 7 (2.9) 0.199
Absence 99 (100) 237 (97.1)
Nail Biting
Presence 27 (27.3) 45 (18.4) 1.66 0.96–2.87 0.069
Absence 72 (72.7) 199 (81.6)
Mouth Breathing
Presence 14 (14.1) 49 (20.1) 0.66 0.34–1.25 0.198
Absence 85 (85.9) 195 (79.9)
Lip Incompetence
Presence 0 (0.0) 9 (7.8) 0.003
Absence 99 (100) 225 (92.2)

PR: prevalence ratio; CI 95%: confidence interval; p: significances chi-squared test.