Figure 2.

Pharmacogenetics can potentially optimize the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders via the prediction of clinical outcomes of antidepressant and anxiolytic drug administration based on patients’ genetic variations affecting metabolizing cytochrome CYP450 and UGT enzymes, P-glycoprotein ABC transporter, as well as monoamine and GABA metabolic enzymes, transporters, and receptors. Some of these gene candidates, as well as many others, may be epigenetically altered by stress. Pharmacoepigenetics can help make clinically relevant decisions regarding antidepressant and anxiolytic therapy by investigating how epigenetic mechanisms influence drug responses.