. 2023 May 13;20(10):5812. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20105812

Table 2.

Food intakes measured by the EPIC-FFQ questionnaire at baseline (t0), end of intervention (t4), and end of follow-up (t8), in the intervention (INT) and control (CTRL) groups.

Variable	Group	t0 (Mean ± S.D.)	t4 (Mean ± S.D.)	t8 (Mean ± S.D.)	p^a (t4)	p^a (t8)
Vegetables (g/day)	INT	188.12 ± 118.23	208.39 ± 99.95	190.66 ± 76.22	<0.0001	0.0021
Vegetables (g/day)	CTRL	172.23 ± 118.24	165.66 ± 95.98	164.10 ± 114.61	<0.0001	0.0021
Onion and garlic (g/day)	INT	19.48 ± 13.33	17.07 ± 12.33	15.91 ± 10.56	0.8889	0.9719
Onion and garlic (g/day)	CTRL	18.19 ± 12.96	17.43 ± 14.27	16.14 ± 12.78	0.8889	0.9719
Legumes (g/day)	INT	17.44 ± 14.32	36.1 ± 17.32	30.09 ± 17.77	<0.0001	0.0011
Legumes (g/day)	CTRL	20.67 ± 20.48	24.62 ± 24.02	24.25 ± 20.87	<0.0001	0.0011
Fruits (g/day)	INT	273.11 ± 191.09	317.46 ± 150.02	295.88 ± 119.57	0.0003	0.0003
Fruits (g/day)	CTRL	236.33 ± 161.35	245.95 ± 160.15	217.05 ± 121.76	0.0003	0.0003
Nuts and seeds (g/day)	INT	9.52 ± 11.44	23.64 ± 9.11	18.70 ± 12.27	<0.0001	<0.0001
Nuts and seeds (g/day)	CTRL	7.30 ± 8.68	8.71 ± 9.08	8.58 ± 9.25	<0.0001	<0.0001
Whole grains (g/day)	INT	24.78 ± 32.37	50.92 ± 43.79	51.19 ± 47.71	<0.0001	<0.0001
Whole grains (g/day)	CTRL	30.23 ± 36.78	31.59 ± 44.96	28.00 ± 31.99	<0.0001	<0.0001
Red meat (g/day)	INT	94.62 ± 47.21	58.09 ± 29.21	64.18 ± 35.94	<0.0001	0.0428
Red meat (g/day)	CTRL	92.07 ± 58.86	82.70 ± 48.89	77.87 ± 44.43	<0.0001	0.0428
White meat (g/day)	INT	79.46 ± 55.06	69.77 ± 34.34	66.50 ± 38.92	0.3932	0.1421
White meat (g/day)	CTRL	78.81 ± 66.72	73.39 ± 57.09	64.54 ± 48.38	0.3932	0.1421
Processed meat (g/day)	INT	52.81 ± 40.87	23.86 ± 21.61	27.39 ± 19.97	<0.0001	<0.0001
Processed meat (g/day)	CTRL	53.60 ± 34.98	51.71 ± 33.97	44.49 ± 32.01	<0.0001	<0.0001
Fish (g/day)	INT	45.21 ± 26.65	73.80 ± 40.41	65.08 ± 31.05	<0.0001	0.0001
Fish (g/day)	CTRL	53.54 ± 38.18	50.10 ± 32.94	51.09 ± 36.53	<0.0001	0.0001
Olive oil (g/day)	INT	7.32 ± 5.92	8.44 ± 6.42	7.35 ± 6.05	0.7410	0.2707
Olive oil (g/day)	CTRL	8.04 ± 7.58	8.28 ± 7.29	9.12 ± 7.50	0.7410	0.2707
EVO oil (g/day)	INT	16.77 ± 13.30	20.61 ± 13.02	18.65 ± 9.96	0.0553	0.0700
EVO oil (g/day)	CTRL	15.15 ± 9.19	15.95 ± 11.03	15.18 ± 11.33	0.0553	0.0700
Total olive oil (g/day)	INT	24.09 ± 15.44	29.04 ± 14.73	26.00 ± 11.70	0.2465	0.5794
Total olive oil (g/day)	CTRL	23.19 ± 11.32	24.23 ± 12.67	24.30 ± 11.80
Butter (g/day)	INT	2.50 ± 4.12	1.94 ± 3.66	1.41 ± 2.23	0.5929	0.1821
Butter (g/day)	CTRL	3.05 ± 3.96	2.04 ± 2.85	2.03 ± 2.20	0.5929	0.1821
Milk and yogurt (g/day)	INT	191.56 ± 149.39	179.39 ± 133.96	171.19 ± 126.60	0.3026	0.8195
Milk and yogurt (g/day)	CTRL	171.77 ± 150.22	183.73 ± 150.43	185.90 ± 171.00	0.3026	0.8195
Cheese (g/day)	INT	58.79 ± 53.70	40.33 ± 26.90	47.27 ± 33.54	0.0007	0.0662
Cheese (g/day)	CTRL	72.81 ± 58.50	68.83 ± 40.41	69.28 ± 50.54	0.0007	0.0662
Eggs (g/day)	INT	26.01 ± 16.17	25.36 ± 16.87	25.67 ± 14.67	0.4674	0.2772
Eggs (g/day)	CTRL	27.24 ± 16.78	27.15± 17.35	24.62 ± 15.14	0.4674	0.2772
Sweets (g/day)	INT	146.01 ± 129.71	91.87 ± 50.89	105.62 ± 78.53	0.0030	0.0020
Sweets (g/day)	CTRL	91.41 ± 52.87	99.99 ± 68.74	100.92± 65.37	0.0030	0.0020
Sweetened drinks (mL/day)	INT	207.43 ± 306.52	114.64 ± 104.54	112.43 ± 109.38	0.0144	0.0919
Sweetened drinks (mL/day)	CTRL	153.37 ± 157.80	132.91 ± 137.78	147.15 ± 124.11	0.0144	0.0919
Coffee (mL/day)	INT	42.77 ± 45.64	42.10 ± 35.90	42.04 ± 35.22	0.8646	0.6877
Coffee (mL/day)	CTRL	40.93 ± 35.40	48.47 ± 39.61	50.17± 45.65	0.8646	0.6877
Water (mL/day)	INT	1289.92 ± 534.29	1226.60 ± 327.03	1183.24 ± 313.38	0.9812	0.9507
Water (mL/day)	CTRL	1208.81 ± 324.55	1210.47 ± 332.20	1173.19 ± 334.82	0.9812	0.9507

Number of participants in the groups: t0 and t4, INT: N = 66 and CTRL: N = 63; t8, INT: N = 60 and CTRL: N = 53. ^a: ANCOVA of the differences between the two groups at t4 and t8.