Fig 5. Ty1/2 activity is increased in fluctuating nitrogen-limited conditions and gives rise to a significant number of adaptive alleles.

(A) Observed mutational types in haploid clones contrasting neutral vs. adaptive mutations isolated under glucose and nitrogen limitation. (B) Ty activity in both haploids and diploids evolved under nitrogen and glucose-limited conditions relative to the ancestral strain (reference genome). Stacked bar charts represent the fraction of each Ty type (Ty1-Ty5) present in the reference genome, or of novel insertions identified in clones evolved in the nitrogen- and glucose-limited conditions. Numbers on bars represent raw counts of the given Ty type. Numbers below the stacked bars indicate the number of strains from which the novel insertions were observed. P-values calculated by chi-square test.