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The release of cytochrome c and SMAC/DIABLO occurs via mPTP. When mPTP opens, it disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential, allowing ions and solutes to cross the membrane. This results in mitochondrial swelling and outer mitochondrial membrane rupture, which subsequently releases cytochrome c and SMAC/DIABLO into the cytosol. Once in the cytosol, cytochrome c initiates the apoptotic cascade by activating caspases, leading to programmed cell death and SMAC/DIABLO inhibits IAPs.
