Figure 2.

Anti-liver cancer effect of fisetin in vitro and in vivo. (A,B) LDH activity and cell viability after different fisetin treatments (10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 µM, 24 h) in liver cancer cells (HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh-7) were measured and analyzed using LDH activity and WST-1 assays. The cell viability of the DMSO-treated cells was set at 100%. * = p < 0.05. Data are representative of three experiments. (C,D) Xenograft nude mice were implanted (sc) with 1 × 10⁷ HepG2 cells into the right hind thigh and were randomly divided into the treatment groups (two groups, 50 or 100 mg/kg) and the control groups (n = 10/group). Fisetin (50 or 100 mg/kg) or PBS was administered (ip) once a day for two days. The body weights of the HepG2 tumor-xenograft mice were determined twice a week during the experiment. (E–H) The caspase-3 activity, cell cytotoxicity, and cell viability of the HepG2 and Hep3B cells treated with fisetin (100 µM) at different times (8, 16, and 24 h) were performed and analyzed using caspase-3 activity, LDH, and WST-1 assays. * = p < 0.05. Data are representative of three experiments. Western blotting for caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3 cleavage was performed at the indicated times using the fisetin-treated HepG2 and Hep3B cells. Data are representative of three experiments.