Figure 2.

Biogenesis of EVs from apoptotic bodies or healthy cells incubated in a condition media. It is possible to predominantly classify EVs into three groups. Apoptotic bodies that are cell blebs produced at the time of apoptosis. Ectosomes, also known as microvesicles, are produced by the plasma membrane’s outward budding and dissociation. Exosomes are intracellular products of the endocytic membrane transport pathway interrupted by the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. As depicted in the magnified inlet, exosomes are phospholipid bilayer containers encapsulating a variety of components (i.e., proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, metabolites, etc.) with multiple membrane receptors, proteins, and biomarkers.