Table 1.
Clinical characteristics at baseline.
| Variable | IMT + Exercise Group (n = 31) | Exercise Group (n = 35) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69.1 ± 7.1 | 70.7 ± 7.4 | 0.478 |
| Men/women, n (%) | 16 (52)/15 (48) | 21 (60)/14 (40) | 0.437 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18.2 ± 1.7 | 18.3 ± 2.2 | 0.638 |
| Type of cancer | |||
| Non-small cell lung cancer, n (%) | 20 (65) | 24 (69) | 0.732 |
| Small cell lung cancer, n (%) | 11 (35) | 11 (31) | |
| Cancer stage | |||
| Stage III, n (%) | 16 (52) | 23 (66) | 0.177 |
| Stage IV, n (%) | 15 (48) | 12 (34) | |
| PS | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 0.898 |
| BI | 92.6 ± 7.7 | 91.2 ± 6.9 | 0.515 |
| Medication | |||
| Line | 2.7 ± 1.3 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 0.99 |
| Chemotherapy, n (%) | 9 (29) | 15 (43) | 0.372 |
| Molecular target drugs, n (%) | 10 (32) | 8 (23) | |
| ICI, n (%) | 8 (26) | 8 (23) | |
| Noting, n (%) | 4 (13) | 4 (11) | |
| Supplemental O2, n (%) | 5 (24) | 8 (23) | 0.517 |
| Physiologic | |||
| VC (%) | 52.6 ± 13.4 | 56.7 ± 18.7 | p = 0.04 |
| FVC (L) | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | p < 0.001 |
| FEV1.0 (%) | 68.9 ± 9.1 | 70.1 ± 14.9 | 0.746 |
| Outcome | |||
| MIP (cmH2O) | 33.2 ± 7.2 | 39.9 ± 11.2 | p = 0.023 |
| Dyspnea at rest (mBS) | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 0.344 |
| Dyspnea on exertion (mBS) | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 1.0 | 0.556 |
Data are counts (percentages) or mean ± SD. Definition of abbreviations: BMI indicates body mass index; PS, Performance status; BI, Barthel index; mBS, modified Borg scale; ICI, Immune checkpoint inhibitor; VC, vital capacity; FVC, forced vital capacity; IMT, Maximal inspiratory pressure.