Table 1.
Abnormal findings at echocardiography (n = 31) in patients with ‘standard’ PPS negative (n = 339)
| Type | Echocardiographic finding | Number of cases (n, %) | Mean values of measurements |
| Congenital | PFO | 7 (22.6%) | |
| BAV | 1 (3.2%) | ||
| Right chamber | Pulmonary hypertension | 1 (3.2%) | PASP: 45 mmHg |
| Vessels | Aortic root ectasia | 6 (19.3%) | Aortic root diameter: 41.7 mm |
| Valve | MVP | 7 (22.6%) | |
| Left chamber | LA enlargement | 4 (12.9%) | LA dimension: 38.8 ml/m2 |
| Valve | Valvulopathiesa | 3 (9.6%) | VC: 3.4 mm |
| Left chamber | LV concentric remodeling | 1 (3.2%) | RWT: 0.44 |
| Valve | E/A <1 | 1 (3.2%) |
BAV, bicuspid aortic valve; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; MVP, mitral valve prolapse; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; PFO, patent foramen ovale; RWT, relative wall thickness; VC, vena contracta.
a
Valvulopathies: mitral valve (at least moderate regurgitation, at least mild stenosis), tricuspid valve (at least moderate regurgitation, at least mild stenosis), aortic valve (at least mild regurgitation, at least mild stenosis), pulmonary valve (at least moderate regurgitation, at least mild stenosis).