Table 2.

Tissue engineering scaffolds of CNTs

Type	Modification	Characteristics	Applications	References
SWNTs	Dispersion of SWNTs in hyaluronic acid solution	Enhanced mechanical properties and hydrophilicity	Guided rat calvaria bone regeneration	[96]
	SWNT-reinforced electrospun chitosan–gelatin scaffolds	–COOH functionalized SWNTs, fiber length < 100 nm and diameter 1 nm	Cartilage tissue engineering	[97]
MWNTs	CNT coated bacterial cellulose scaffolds	CNTs modified with an amphiphilic comb-like polymer	Regeneration of bone defects in mouse model	[93]
	MWNT-reinforced electrospun PCL-collagen fibers	Length of 8–12 μm and diameter of 10–12 nm, enhanced conductivity and mechanical properties	Directional regeneration of peripheral nerves	[95]
	Injectable composite scaffolds of CNTs and methacrylate-grafted elastin and gelatin	High conductivity and flexibility led to synchronous contractions, cardiac function restoration	Repair of heart muscle post myocardial infarction in rats and minipigs	[94]
	MWNT-reinforced PLA/PCL nanofiber mats	–COOH functionalized, fiber length 0.5–2 μm and diameter < 8 nm	Fibrocartilage regeneration in rabbit temporomandibular joint disc defects	[98]
	CNT yarns inserted in silicon tubes	Tube length 300 μm and diameter 10 nm, aligned fibrous structures inside the silicon tube	Axonal regeneration in peripheral nerve defect	[99]