Table 2. Exemplar SOLES project – AD-SOLES workflow.

Stage	Details	Integrated tools
Systematic search	● Searches conducted using general Alzheimer’s disease search terms across Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE and PubMed ● Customised R packages which make use of APIs to retrieve data on a weekly basis for three databases, while EMBASE is searched manually every 6 months ● Additional metadata for each study retrieved from CrossRef and OpenAlex	rcrossref [46] openalexR [47] RISmed [48] ScopusAPI [49] rwos [50]
Automated deduplication	● When new citations are retrieved, a check is performed to see if they already exist in the SOLES database ● Automated deduplication tool identifies duplicates between new citations and existing citations and within new citations (across databases)	ASySD [39]
Machine-assisted screening	● Trained machine classifier (hosted at EPPI Centre, University College London) determines likelihood of a citation describing experiments in AD animal models	Machine classifiers [38]
Automated data annotation	● Full texts downloaded using open access APIs and publisher (dependent on institutional access) APIs ● Risk of bias reporting assessed using automated tool ● Open access status determined using CrossRef and OpenAlex APIs ● Open data and code status determined by X tool	rcrossref [46] pre-rob tool [41] openalexR [47] ODDPub [51]
Interactive shiny app	● Shiny application available at https://camarades.shinyapps.io/AD-SOLES/ ● This allows users to:
	1. Gain an overview of the number of relevant publications in different categories, and intersections of those categories
	2. Visualise the proportion of publications with certain transparency and quality measures over time
	3. Download a highly filtered citation lists to start a more detailed systematic literature reviews