Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| All (n = 542) | LA strain ≤ 27.2% (n = 271) | LA strain > 27.2% (n = 271) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 67.3 (8.88) | 68.07 (9.08) | 66.53 (8.62) | 0.043 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 89 (16.4%) | 45 (16.6%) | 44 (16.2%) | 0.91 |
| EuroSCORE II, median (IQR) | 1.31 (0.93–1.96) | 1.49 (1.05–2.43) | 1.19 (0.88–1.67) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 364 (67.2%) | 187 (69%) | 177 (65.3%) | 0.36 |
| Heart rate, mean (SD) | 69.59 (13.14) | 69.44 (13.67) | 69.73 (12.62) | 0.80 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 133 (24.5%) | 78 (28.8%) | 55 (20.3%) | 0.022 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 26.95 (3.74) | 27.08 (3.66) | 26.82 (3.82) | 0.42 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.85 | |||
| Current | 117 (21.6%) | 56 (20.7%) | 61 (22.5%) | |
| Never | 267 (49.3%) | 134 (49.4%) | 133 (49.1%) | |
| Former | 158 (29.2%) | 81 (29.9%) | 77 (28.4%) | |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease, n (%) | 34 (6.3%) | 16 (5.9%) | 18 (6.6%) | 0.72 |
| Prior AMI, n (%) | 128 (23.7%) | 72 (26.6%) | 56 (20.7%) | 0.11 |
| Prior stroke, n (%) | 52 (9.6%) | 32 (11.8%) | 20 (7.4%) | 0.080 |
| CABG indication, n (%) | 0.096 | |||
| Stable angina pectoris | 271 (50%) | 123 (45.4%) | 148 (54.6%) | |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 271 (50%) | 148 (54.6%) | 123 (45.4%) | |
| Biochemistry | ||||
| C reactive protein (mg/L), median (IQR) | 4 (2–9) | 5 (2–10) | 2 (2–8) | 0.013 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2), mean (SD) | 71.86 (18.6) | 69.91 (18.61) | 73.82 (18.42) | 0.014 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| GLS %, mean (SD) | −13.48 (3.96) | −12.51 (3.91) | −14.46 (3.78) | <0.001 |
| LVEF biplane, mean (SD) | 50.57 (11.02) | 47.78 (12.2) | 53.35 (8.9) | <0.001 |
| E/e’, median (IQR) | 10.07 (8.18–12.62) | 10.72 (8.8–13.88) | 9.45 (7.84–11.73) | <0.001 |
| LAVi (mL/m2), mean (SD) | 23.66 (8.32) | 25.9 (9.13) | 21.42 (6.74) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; E/e´, ratio of early transmitral inflow velocity to early myocardial relaxation velocity; LAVi, left atrial volume index; SD, standard deviation.