Healthy |
Normal |
Walk normally |
Knee |
External: Full kneecap |
Walk with knees externally rotated and whole kneecaps visible |
External: Part kneecap |
Walk with knees externally rotated and part of the kneecaps visible |
Internal: Full kneecap |
Walk with knees internally rotated and whole kneecaps visible |
Internal: Part kneecap |
Walk with knees internally rotated and part of the kneecaps visible |
Foot |
External: Moderate |
Walk with feet 21° to 40° externally rotated |
External: Marked |
Walk with feet turned externally by more than 40° |
Internal: Marked |
Walk with feet 1° to 25° internally rotated |
Internal: Moderate |
Walk with feet internally rotated by greater than 25° |
Pelvis |
Up |
Lift one hip over the other by more than 5° |
Down |
Lower one hip more than 1° while raising the other |
Trunk |
Reduced |
During midstance, walk with trunk tilted toward the opposing leg |
Moderate |
Tilt trunk more than 25 mm toward the stance leg at midstance |
Marked |
At midstance, lean trunk substantially towards the stance leg |