Table 4.

Incidence of different bacteremias and correlation with infection control interventions, January 2013 to December 2018.

Correlation of Bacteremias with Infection Control Interventions
Infection Control Interventions	Per (n) Unit	Month 0	Month −1	Month −2	Month −3	IRR	95% CI	p-Value
1. Total Bacteremia
Total Hospital Clinics								n.s.
Total Hospital Departments
L of Scrub Disinfectant sol/1000 patient-days	10	◊	◊	◊		0.81	(0.69, 0.95)	0.011
L of All Hand Disinfectant sol/1000 patient-days	10		◊			0.94	(0.90, 0.99)	0.020
Adults Clinic
% Isolations/Admissions	1				◊	1.04	(1.02, 1.06)	0.001
Adults Clinic Departments
% Isolations/Admissions	1				◊	1.06	(1.03, 1.10)	<0.001
Adults ICU
% Isolations/Admissions	10	◊				1.20	(1.03, 1.39)	0.020
2. Total CR Gram (−) Bacteremia
Total Hospital Clinics								n.s.
Total Hospital Departments
% Isolations/Admissions	1			◊		1.54	(1.23, 1.93)	<0.001
Adults Clinic								n.s.
Adults Clinic Departments
% Isolations/Admissions	1			◊		1.25	(1.06, 1.48)	0.009
Adults ICU
% Isolations/Admissions	10	◊				2.42	(1.75, 3.35)	<0.001
% Isolations/Admissions	10			◊		0.35	(0.18, 0.66)	0.001
3. Total CRPA Bacteremia
Total Hospital Clinics
% Isolations/Admissions	1			◊		1.19	(0.97, 1.44)	0.089
Total Hospital Departments
% Isolations/Admissions	1			◊	◊	3.60	(1.90, 6.82)	<0.001
Adults Clinic
% Isolations/Admissions	1			◊		1.17	(1.01, 1.35)	0.033
Adults Clinic Departments
% Isolations/Admissions	1			◊		1.48	(1.13, 1.94)	0.004
Adults ICU
% Isolations/Admissions	10	◊				3.70	(1.75, 7.86)	0.001
% Isolations/Admissions	10		◊			0.40	(0.14, 1.16)	0.092
% Isolations/Admissions	10			◊		0.20	(0.05, 0.73)	0.015
L of Alcohol Disinfectant sol/1000 patient-days	10	◊				0.90	(0.79, 1.02)	0.091

IRR: incidence rate ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; ICU: intensive care unit; CR: carbapenem resistant; CRPA: carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa; n.s.: not significant; Symbol ◊ denotes whether the association refers to the current month (month 0) value, lagged values (months −1, −2, −3) or averaged values over more than one month. Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR) refer to increases denoted in the column labeled “per (n) units”. All estimates derived from Poisson regression models with robust standard errors, seasonality effects, and spline terms of time: log(N) = β₀ + β₁V + β₂S₁(t) + β₃S₂(t) + β₄S₃(t) + β₅ × sin(2πt/12) + β₆ × cos(2πt/12) + β₇ × sin(4πt/12) + β₈ × cos(4πt/12) + log(patient days) with N being the number of cases, t being time since study start in months, S(t) being spline terms of t and V referring to the current month covariate (month 0) value, lagged values (months −1, −2, −3) or averaged values over more than one month. Incidence Rate Ratios are derived as exp(n × β₁) with n given in the column labeled “per (n)”.