| PEC | Photoelectrochemical |
| CO2RR | Carbon dioxide reduction reaction |
| PC | Photocatalysis |
| EC | lectrochemical |
| FE | Faraday efficiency |
| STF | Solar-to-fuel efficiency |
| IPCE | Incident photon-to-current efficiency |
| APCE | Absorbed photon-current conversion efficiency |
| TON | Turnover number |
| TOF | Turnover frequency |
| RHE | Reversible hydrogen electrode |
| NHE | Normal hydrogen electrode |
| SCE | Saturated calomel electrode |
| CB | Conduction band |
| VB | Valence band |
| AA | Ascorbic acid |
| PCET | Proton-coupled electron transfer |
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