Table 1.
Overview of the mechanical properties of NFRPCs and all-natural-fibre composites.
| Composite Type 1 | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Young’s Modulus (GPa) | Flexural Strength (MPa) | Flexural Modulus (GPa) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UD flax–epoxy | 284 | 26 | 218 | 18 | [34] |
| woven flax–epoxy | 68.3 | 5.9 | 101.6 | 2.1 | [35] |
| UD flax–PLA | 252.3 | 14.9 | - | - | [36] |
| Kenaf–HDPE | 32–52 | 3.0–6.5 | 58–75 | 3.7–4.1 | [37] |
| bamboo fibre–epoxy | 48–119 | - | 107–162 | - | [38] |
| wood pulp sheets–PLA | 121 | 10.5 | - | - | [39] |
| woven silk–epoxy | 100–175 | 5–8 | 125–250 | 5–7 | [40,41,42] |
| silk–PLA | 71 | 4 | 97 | 4 | [43] |
| all–PP | 60–135 | 2.7–3.9 | - | - | [44] |
| all–PLA | 58–83 | 2–3.4 | - | - | [45] |
| all–PLA | 58–83 | 2–3.4 | - | - | [45] |
| all–PET | 225–350 | 8–10 | - | - | [46] |
| all–PE | 160 | 4.2 | - | - | [47] |
| all–PA | 80–192 | - | - | - | [48] |
| all–cellulose | 250–910 | 9–26 | - | - | [49] |
| woven all-cellulose | 40–55 | 1.5–4 | - | - | [50] |
| all-silk | 83–151 | 2.8–3.1 | - | - | [51] |
1 UD: unidirectional; PLA: polylactic acid; HDPE: high-density polyethylene; PP: polypropylene; PET: polyethylene terephthalate; PE: polyethylene; PA: polyamide.