Table 4.

Interactive technologies evaluated by the reviewed studies (N=20).

Technology	Reference	Studies, n (%)
Desktop application	Helal et al [3] Brauner and Ziefle [32] Biagetti et al [38] Costa et al [40] Schmied et al [44]	5 (25)
Web application	Chung et al [33] Costa et al [40] Rahman and Hossain [42] Cahill et al [47]	4 (20)
Mobile app	Chung et al [33] Fung et al [37] Syed et al [45] Cahill et al [47]	4 (20)
Robot	Görer et al [34] Costa et al [40] Schmied et al [44]	3 (15)
Smartwatch app	Dobbins et al [36]	1 (5)
Ambient application	Brauner and Ziefle [32]	1 (5)
Customized DPAa	Paay et al [41]b	1 (5)
N/Ac	Gorjani et al [35] Li et al [39] Sahu et al [43] Totty and Wade [46] Guan et al [48] Naranjo-Hernández et al [49] Demiris et al [51]	7 (35)

^aDPA: digital personal assistant.

^bThe researchers customized a DPA to minimize participants’ previous experience and bias toward a specific device or brand.

^cN/A: not applicable.