Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants (total population, without T2DM and with T2DM).
| Characteristics | Total Population (n = 4699) | Population without T2DM (n = 4153) | Population with T2DM (n = 546) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years (median, IQR) | 49.2 (35–60) | 48.1 (36–62) | 59.7 (43–71) | 0.048 ** |
| Male number (%) | 2631 (56) | 2284 (55) | 349 (64) | 0.428 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD | 26.4 ± 4.8 | 26 ± 3.3 | 27 ± 4.1 | 0.281 |
| Smoking current –yes-, number (%) | 455 (9.7) | 365 (8.8) | 57 (10.4) | 0.371 |
| Serum folate (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 10.8 (5.2–13.7) | 9.9 (4.3–12.8) | 8.7 (4.1–11.4) | 0.392 |
| Number (%) of participants receiving metformin | - | - | 524 (96) | |
| Number (%) of participants receiving metformin at doses <1 gm/day * | - | - | 256 (49) | 0.182 |
| Number (%) of participants receiving metformin at doses ≥1 gm/day * | - | - | 268 (51) | |
| Duration of metformin use (years), mean ± SD | - | - | 5.2 ± 2.1 | |
| Use of parenteral medications (GLP-1RA and/or insulin in participants receiving metformin at doses <1 gm/day (number of participants, %) | 24 (9.4) | 0.096 | ||
| Use of parenteral medications (GLP-1RA and/or insulin in participants receiving metformin at doses ≥1 gm/day (number of participants, %) | 30 (11.2) | |||
| Use of other oral medications in participants receiving metformin at doses <1 gm/day (number of participants, %) | 63 (24.6) | 0.099 | ||
| Use of other oral medications in participants receiving metformin at doses ≥1 gm/day (number of participants, %) | 70 (26.2) |
* The daily dose of metformin was calculated as the mean dose taken over the last 6 months; ** Population with T2DM vs. population without T2DM. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index, IQR: interquartile range, SD: standard deviation, T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus.