Table 1.

Antidiabetic activity of resveratrol in in vivo studies with its molecular mechanisms.

Resveratrol Dose	Duration	Modal	Mechanism of Action	Ref.
5 mg	Twice a day 4 weeks	T2D patients	Decreased insulin resistance	[175]
10 mg/day	4 weeks	RCT double-blind 19 men with T2DM 55 ± 9 years	No changes in insulin levels, Tendency to decrease HOMA-IR	[175]
50 mg	Twice a day 60 days	T2D patients	No change in insulin resistance Decreased blood glucose levels Decreased diabetic ulcer size	[112,176]
75 mg/day	12 weeks	Nonobese women (with normal glucose tolerance)	Does not cause any changes in insulin sensitivity, plasma inflammation markers, and systolic blood pressure	[177]
100 mg/day	8 weeks	RCT parallel-blind 24 subjects with diabetic food Age: 56 ± 9 years old	Non-significant decrease in glucose in both study groups; no changes in HOMA-IR and insulin	[178]
150 mg	30 days	Obese men	Decreased systolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, plasma inflammation markers, and blood glucose levels	[179]
150 mg/day	30 days	Obese men	Decrease postprandial glucagon responses	[32]
150 mg/day	4 weeks	16 subjects with T2DM RCT double-blind cross-over	Non-significant changes in glucose and insulin levels, HbA1c level	[180]
200 mg/day	24 weeks	110 subjects with T2DM RCT double-blind	Significant decrease in glucose and HbA1c (p = 0.005), and significantly reduced insulin and HOMA-IR levels (p = 0.001)	[176]
250 mg/day	3 months	57 subjects with T2DM RCT open-label	Significant decrease in HbA1c (p < 0.05)	[181]
250 mg/day	6 months	57 subjects with T2DM RCT open-label	Nonsignificant decrease in HbA1c and glucose levels	[182]
250 mg	3 months	T2DP	Decreased blood glucose levels and systolic blood pressures	[181]
250 mg per day	8 weeks	Healthy aged men	No changes in metabolic and inflammatory status in skeletal muscle	[183]
500 mg/day	3 months	60 subjects with T2DM and albuminuria RCT double-blind	Improvement in HOMA-IR and a significant decrease in insulin, glucose, and HbA1c levels (p < 0.05)	[184]
500 mg	Twice a day 45 days	T2DP	Decreased insulin resistance, blood glucose levels, HOMA-β, and systolic blood pressure	[185]
500 mg 3 times a day	4 weeks	Obese men	No changes in insulin resistance, plasma inflammation markers, and systolic blood pressure	[186]
500 mg 3 times a day	90 days	Patients with metabolic syndrome	Decreased insulin resistance, but did not cause changes in systolic blood pressure	[31]
1 g/day	45 days	64 subjects with T2DM RCT double-blind	Caused a significant decrease in glucose, insulin, and HbA1c levels (p < 0.05), and improvement in HOMA-IR after RV administration	[185]
First week 1 g/day second week 2 g/day	2 weeks	Obese men	No change in insulin resistance and blood glucose levels Caused a decrease in the production of intestinal and hepatic lipoprotein	[111]
1, 1.5, 2 g/day	4 weeks	Older adults	Decreased insulin resistance	[110]
3 g/day	8 weeks	Overweight or obese men with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and IR	No change in insulin resistance	[113]
3 g/day	3 months	10 subjects with TD2M RCT double-blind	Caused a decrease in HbA1c No significant changes in HOMA-IR No changes in glucose and insulin levels	[187]