Table 1.
Harmful effects of COVID-19 vaccine.
| Study | Source | Cohort (n) | Year | Vaccine | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | N, % | |||||
| Bouhanick et al. [42] |
Pharmacovigilance database | 91,761 | 2021 | BNT162b2, ChAdOx1nCoV-19, Ad26.COV2.S | Abnormal BP * | 1776, 1.9% |
| Kaur et al. [44] |
Pharmacovigilance database | 30,523 | 2021 | BNT162b2 ChAdOx1nCoV-19mRNA-1273 BNT 62b2 |
Abnormal BP * Stage III hypertension or hypertensive emergency |
283, 5.82% 36, 0.11% |
| Lehmann et al. [43] |
Pharmacovigilance database | 212,053 | 2021 | ChAdOx1nCoV-19, Ad26.COV2.S mRNA-1273 |
Abnormal BP * Stage III hypertension or hypertensive emergency |
6130, 2.9% 551, 0.25% |
| Tran et al. [49] |
Cross-sectional online survey | 1028 | 2021 | ChAdOx1nCoV-19 | Self-reported hypertension | 52, 5% |
| Zappa et al. [40] |
Cross-sectional online survey | 113 | 2021 | BNT162b2 | Raise in home BP > 110 mmHg Stage III hypertension or hypertensive emergency |
6, 5.3% 2, 1.7% |
| Bouhanick et al. [50] |
Patients and healthcare workers | 21,909 | 2022 | BNT162b2 | Persistent BP (≥140/90, 15 min after vaccination) Stage III hypertension or hypertensive emergency |
5197, 23.7% 709, 3.23% |
* Abnormal BP refers to increase in blood pressure values. It is important to underline the heterogeneity of the studies regarding the time interval elapsed in relation to the moment of vaccination, the measurement techniques (self-measurement or medical surveillance), the absence of precise data on the history of hypertension and/or the co-morbidities of patients.