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. 2023 May 17;16(10):3792. doi: 10.3390/ma16103792

Table 3.

Properties of geopolymer concrete with various precursors according to [4,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174].

Ref. Number Precursor Alcaline Activator Workability (mm) Curing Temperature Initial Setting Time (min) Final Setting Time (min) Compressive
Strength (MPa)		 Tensile Strength (MPa) Flexural Strength (MPa)
[164] Fly Ash NaOH +
Na2SiO3 		710 60–90 °C - - 47.54–53.99 - -
[165] Fly Ash NaOH +
Na2SiO3 		110–135 75 °C - - 10–65 - -
[166] Fly Ash NaOH +
Na2SiO3 		240 - 405 570 47.21 - -
[167] Fly Ash NaOH +
Na2SiO3 		- Ambient temperature 66–112 160–245 40 - -
[168] Fly Ash NaOH +
Na2SiO3 		- 80 °C - - 48 - -
[169] Fly Ash NaOH +
Na2SiO3 		- Ambient temperature - - 11.8–29.2 - -
[4] Fly Ash NaOH +
KOH +
Na2SiO3 		- - - - 24.96–30.11 3.72–4.95 5.22–6.03
[170] Fly Ash + Slag NaOH +
Na2SiO3 		- Ambient temperature - - 30.5–80.5 8.35 17.95
[171] Fly Ash + Slag +
Palm oil fuel ash		 NaOH +
Na2SiO3 		145–160 65 °C - - 66 - 7.7
[172] Fly Ash + Slag +
High calcium wood ash		 NaOH +
Na2SiO3 		- - 20–280 90–360 36.56 - -
[173] Fly Ash + Slag +
Portland cement + Calcium hydroxide		 NaOH +
Na2SiO3 		- Ambient temperature 110–607 110–607 26–58 - -
[174] Fly Ash + Slag +
Nano silica		 NaOH +
Na2SiO3 		- Ambient temperature - - 40.28–56.7 - -