| ABPI | ankle-brachial pressure index |
| AF | atrial fibrillation |
| ARIC | atherosclerosis risk in communities |
| BP | blood pressure |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| CI | confidence interval |
| CVD | cardiovascular disease |
| DBP | diastolic blood pressure |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| GABAAR | γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor |
| GLA | γ-carboxyglutamate-rich |
| HbA1c | glycated haemoglobin |
| HF | heart failure |
| IL-n | interleukin-n |
| LVH | left ventricular hypertrophy |
| NFκB | nuclear factor-kappa B |
| NMDA | N-methyl-D-aspartate |
| NHANES | American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| PAD | peripheral arterial disease |
| PAI-1 | plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SBP | systolic blood pressure |
| T1DM | type-1 diabetes mellitus |
| T2DM | type-2 diabetes mellitus |
| TNF | tumour necrosis factor |
| TRPM | transient receptor potential channel |
| VCAM | vascular cell adhesion molecule |
| WHO | World Health Organisation |
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