Protective effects of L. sakei CVL-001 on intestinal histological features. (A) Microscopic appearance of representative colons from each group (H&E staining). (B) Histologic scoring of the colon (mean ± SEM). (C) Microscopic appearance of representative colons from each group (AB-PAS staining). (D) Number of AB-PAS-positive cells/colonic crypt. The significance of differences among the DSS-treated groups was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test, with the level of significance set at p < 0.05 (*). H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; AB-PAS, Alcian blue–periodic acid Schiff; SEM, standard error of mean; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium.