Table 2.

Diarrhea and virus shedding in vaccinated and control pigs after challenge with virulent Arg HRV (G4P[6]).

Clinical Signs of Diarrhea b							Virus Shedding (CCIF) b
Treatments (Vaccine Dose µg) a	n	Percentage with Diarrhea	Mean Days to Onset	Mean Duration Days	Mean Cumulative Fecal Score	AUC of Diarrhea	Percentage of Shedding Virus	Mean Days to Onset	Mean Duration Days	Mean Peak Titer (FFU/g of Feces) e	AUC of Virus Shedding e
Rotarix 1x/Trivalent Nanoparticle 1x	6	100%	2	4.70	13.0	10.8	100%	1.50	3.33 (0.67) B,c,d	15,554 (26,842) C	78,200 (41,088) B
Trivalent Nanoparticle 2x	6	100%	2	5.00	14.2	12.3	100%	1.17	6.00 (0.37) A	40,778 (15,756) B	138,767 (47,474) B
Control	5	100%	1	5.20	14.6	12.8	100%	1.00	6.80 (0.20) A	107,187 (36,620) A	368,600 (93,322) A

Note: a. Pigs were immunized two times with S₆₀ nanoparticle control, trivalent nanoparticle vaccine, or once with Rotarix followed by trivalent nanoparticle or control, at 5 (post-vaccination day [PVD] 0), and 19 days (PVD 14) of age. On PVD 28, all pigs were orally challenged with 1 × 10⁵ FFU of virulent Arg HRV and monitored for diarrhea and virus shedding for 7 days post-challenge. b. Fecal consistency scores were used to assess diarrhea; scores are defined as 0: solid, 1: pasty, 2: semi-liquid, and 3: liquid. Scores of 2 or higher are considered diarrheic. Rotavirus shedding titers were determined by rotavirus antigen ELISA (detect viral antigen) and CCIF (determine the number of infectious viral particles). If there is no diarrhea or virus shedding, the mean days to onset were assigned as one day after the pigs were euthanized (8) for statistical analysis. c. Different letters indicate significant differences between groups (n = 6–10; p ≤ 0.05), while shared letters or no letters indicate no significant difference. d. Numbers in parentheses represent the standard error of the mean (SEM). e. Mean peak titer and AUC of virus shedding titers were lgo10 transformed for statistical analysis.