Table 2.
Bridging studies of pneumococcal vaccination in healthy adults.
| Author (Year) [Ref] |
Population | Intervention | Comparison | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ermlich (2018) [39] |
691 adults aged ≥ 50 years | PCV15 | PCV13 or PPSV23 | Compared to PCV13 and PPSV23, PCV15 had better immunogenicity for shared serotypes and similar safety at 1-month post-vaccination |
| Kishino (2022) [40] |
245 Japanese adults ≥ 65 years of age | PCV15 (includes PCV13 serotypes, and serotypes 22F and 33F) | PCV13 | Higher proportion of participants with a ≥4-fold increase in serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity responses for PCV15 than for PCV13 for serotypes 3, 22F, and 33F |
| Peterson (2019) [41] |
250 adults ≥ 65 years of age with prior PPSV23 ≥ 1 year before | PCV15 | PCV13 | Good safety and immunogenicity in both trial groups |
| Platt (2022) [42] |
1202 adults (about 30% aged 50–64 years) | PCV15 | PCV13 | PCV15 non-inferior to PCV13 for 13 shared serotypes, and superior immunogenicity for the 2 unique serotypes |
| Simon (2022) [43] |
1299 healthy adults ≥ 65 years of age | PCV15, then PPSV23 6 months later | PCV13, then PPSV23 6 months later | Similar immunogenicity and safety |
| Song (2021) [44] |
652 adults (about 50% aged ≥ 65 years) | PCV15, then PPSV23 12 months later | PCV13, then PPSV23 12 months later | Similar immunogenicity and safety |
| Stacey (2019) [45] |
690 adults ≥ 50 years of age | PCV15 | PCV13 | Similar immunogenicity and safety |
| Cannon (2021) [46] |
875 adults ≥ 65 years of age, with prior pneumococcal vaccination | PCV20 | PCV13 (if prior PPSV23); PPSV23 (if prior PCV13) | PCV20 was immunogenic 1 month after PCV20, regardless of prior PCV13 or PPSV23 |
| Essink (2022) [47] |
893 generally healthy pneumococcal vaccine-naïve adults 18–59 years of age | PCV20 | PCV13 | PCV20 was safe and well tolerated. Immunogenicity of PCV20 comparable to that of PCV13 |
| Essink (2022) [47] |
3009 generally healthy pneumococcal vaccine-naïve adults ≥ 60 years of age | PCV20, then PPSV23 1 month later | PCV13, then PPSV23 1 month later | PCV20 was safe and well tolerated. Immunogenicity of PCV20 comparable to that of PCV13 or PPSV23 |
| Fitz-Patrick (2021) [48] |
104 healthy Japanese adults 18–49 years of age residing in the United States for ≤5 years | PCV20, or complementary 7-valent PCV (cPCV7) (containing non-PCV13 serotypes) | PCV13 | Good opsonophagocytic activity at 1-month post-vaccination |
| Klein (2021) [49] |
1710 adults 18–49 years of age | PCV20 | PCV13 | Similar immunogenicity and safety |
| Hurley (2021) [26] |
444 adults 60–64 years of age | PCV20, then placebo 1 month later | PCV13, then PPSV23 1 month later | Similar immunogenicity and safety |
| Chichili (2022) [28] |
126 pneumococcal vaccine-naïve adults 18–64 years of age. 390 pneumococcal vaccine-naïve adults 65–85 years of age | PCV24 | PCV13 | Higher proportion of participants with opsonophagocytic activity responses at day 30 for PCV24 than for PCV13 for both PCV13 and non-PCV13 serotypes |