A549	human lung cancer cell line
acetBr	acetamidobromomide
ACUPA	urea-bearing PSMA-targeted ligand
Alexa Fluor 488	fluorescent dye
AuNPs	gold nanoparticles
BALB/c nu/nu	atymic mice
BBN	bombesin
BS	bisphosphonate bone scintigraphy
CCPM	polymeric micellar nanoparticles
CdTeQDs	cadmium telluride quantum dots
CT	computed tomography
CUR	curcumin
CuS	copper sulphide
Cy7	indocyanine 7
D2B	anty-PSMA antibody
cys-DB	diabody
DBCO	dibenzo cyclooctyne
DFO-B	desferrioxamine B
DGEA	Asp-Gly-Ala peptide
DOTA	1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
DT	dithiol
DTPA	diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid
DU-145	human prostate cancer cell line
EC	energy capture
EphB4	ephrin receptor B4
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
GGC	Gly-Gly-Cys peptide peptide
GRPR	gastrin-releasing peptide receptor
GUL	glutamate-ureido-lysine moiety
Hsd:NMRI-Foxnl nu/nu	nude mice
HS-PEG-DAP	bifunctional ligand
HS-PEG-DAP-TF	bifunctional ligand
HUVEC	human umbilical vein endothelial cells
HYNIC	2-hydrazinonicotinic acid
ID	injected dose
ID/g	injected dose per gram
IF	immunofluorescence imaging
IO	iron oxide
IRDye 680RD	infrared dye
IT	isomeric transition
J591	anty-PSMA antibody
Kd	dissociation equilibrium constant
LNCap	human prostate cancer cell line
LNCaP C4-2	human prostate cancer cell line
Lys3-bombesin	bombesin analogue
mal	maleimide
mCRPC	metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
microPET	micro positron emission tomography
mNP-N1/2	silica layer carrying NH2 groups
mNP-N1/2	silica layer carrying SH groups
mpMRI	multiparametric MRI
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
NIFR	near-infrared fluorescence imaging
nm	nanometre
nmCRPC	non-metastatic castration-resistant PCa
NOD/SCID	atymic mice
NODAGA	1,4,7-triazaciclononane, 1-glutaric-4,7-acetic acid
NOTA	1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid
NPs	nanoparticles
nu/nu	atymic mice
P3	lipopolymer
PC3	human prostate cancer cell line
PC3-Flu	human prostate cancer cell line
PC-3-KD1	human prostate cancer cell line
PC3-MM2	human prostate cancer cell line
PC3-Pip	human prostate cancer cell line
PCa	prostate cancer
PDT	photodynamic therapy
PEG	polyethylene glycol
PEG3	tripolyethylene glycol
PET	positron emission tomography
PLA–PEG	poly(lactic acid)-polyethyene glycol
PSMA	prostate-specific membrane antigen
PSMAL	small molecule PSMA inhibitor
PSMA-SH	small molecule inhibitor
QDs	quantum dots
RGD	tripeptide L-arginine-glycine-L-aspartic acid
scFv	single-chain fragment
SPECT	single-photon emission computed tomography
starPEG40kDa	four-armed nanocarrier
TETA	triethylenetetramine
TNYL-RAW	TNYLFSPNGPIARAW peptide
TRUS	trans-rectal ultrasound-guided biopsy
UnTHCPSi	undecylenic acid-modified silicon NPs
USI	ultrasound imaging
YC-XII-35	PSMA-targeting moiety
αVβ3	integrin receptor
β-Glu	β-glutamate
22Rv1	human prostate cancer cell line