Table 6.

Summarized view of different data augmentation techniques.

S. No.	Year and Reference	Augmentation Operation Performed
1.	2016 [8]	Rotations, 3 × 3 transformation matrix-based perspective transformation, Affine transformations
2.	2016 [9]	Image shifting, image rotation, and image mirroring
3.	2016 [39]	Rotation and mirroring
4.	2017 [11]	Geometrical transformation and intensity transformations
5.	2018 [13]	Rotation and flipping operations
6.	2018 [12]	Cropping and rotation
7.	2018 [67]	Rotation, shear conversion, cutout, and horizontal and vertical direction movement
8.	2019 [16]	Flipping, principal component analysis (PCA), color augmentation, rotation, scaling, noise injection, and gamma correction
9.	2019 [17]	Intensity transformations and geometric transformations
10.	2019 [15]	RandomRotate, RandomFlip, and RandomLighting
11.	2019 [45]	Cropping, flipping, shifting, rotating
12.	2019 [46]	Flipping (horizontal flip), zooming, shifting (height and breadth), rotating, nearest fill, and shearing
13.	2019 [19]	Rescale, flipping, shift, and zoom
14.	2020 [20]	Rotation, zooming, flipping, shearing, and color changing
15.	2020 [48]	Rotation, flip, scaling, and translation
16.	2020 [68]	RandomResizedCrop, RandomRotation
17.	2020 [21]	Flip, rotation, and shift
18.	2020 [23]	Rotation, flipping (horizontally), shear, zoom, and shift (height, width)
19.	2021 [25]	Rotation, contrast enhancement, brightness enhancement, and noise reduction
20.	2021 [29]	SMOTE
21.	2021 [30]	Affine transformation
22.	2021 [31]	Rotation, shifting, and zooming
23.	2021 [54]	Horizontal flipping and four-angle rotation
24.	2021 [33]	Flip transformation
25.	2021 [69]	Rotation, filling, flipping, zooming, and shearing
26.	2022 [34]	Neural style transfer, position and color augmentation, deep convolutional generative adversarial network, and PCA
27.	2022 [56]	Scaling, translation, rotation, and image enhancement